Let’s talk about a health condition that has been behind the veil for way too long: Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS). This condition has been tangled in a web of myths, superstition and misinformation, especially in areas with a high prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis (also called urinary bilharzia).

What is FGS?

FGS is a long-term complication of urinary schistosomiasis. FGS presents as a cocktail of symptoms such as bloody discharge, pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding and vaginal discharge. If left untreated, FGS will lead to ectopic pregnancy, infertility , social stigma. The risk of HIV infection among women with FGS is increased 3 to 4 times.

Communities, particularly in Kwale, refer to these symptoms as ‘‘Shango”: A sensation of bearing down or feeling something pressing down through the vagina. It is mostly “treated” with local herbs. Some believe it’s sexually transmitted while others believe it is a sorcerer’s spell. Myths and misunderstandings about its causes, symptoms, and health consequences have largely contributed to its stigmatization preventing those who are affected from seeking conventional help and treatment.

Let’s dive into some myths and misconceptions:

Myths and Misconceptions Surrounding FGS:

1. FGS is sexually transmitted: Nope! FGS is not an STI, even though some symptoms may seem that way.
2. Only certain women get FGS: Wrong again. FGS does not discriminate based on age or background.
3. It is caused by ‘Shango” or sorcerer’s spell: Science has cleared a way that this is not a spell.
4. FGS affects women who engage in risky sexual behavior: Let’s settle this once and for all: FGS has nothing to do with promiscuity and everything to do with contaminated water and poor sanitation.

Busting myths: How this is being done

1. Increased Awareness: LVCT Health, the MoH and the Kwale County Health Department have been collaborating in Homa Bay, Kilifi and Kwale to enhance literacy about FGS. Health talks and sensitization workshops have been used to shine light on how to differentiate FGS from other conditions such as STIs and busting beliefs such as ‘Shango’. These efforts have contributed to screening, diagnosis and treatment of FGS.
2. Reducing Stigma: Reliable data and information is a game changer. By showing that FGS is connected to environmental factors and not promiscuity, these initiatives have helped women and girls to gain the courage to seek diagnosis, which is integrated with SRH Units.
3. Demystifying ‘Shango’: Success stories of women treated for FGS are turning the tide. When communities see the results, it becomes easier to shift from negative cultural narratives to medical explanations.

Let’s keep the Conversation Going

Dispelling these myths and misconceptions about FGS has done well, but we still have a long way to go. Advocacy, literacy and community involvement are the keys to tackling this issue.

“Let’s talk, learn and act – because every woman deserves access to accurate information and inclusive care.”

Written by Darlene Agingu, a Research Assistant at LVCT Health